1. Obligation to Face the Qiblah:

A person who is obligated to perform prayer (mukallaf) must pray facing the Kaʿbah, which is why the Kaʿbah is referred to as the “Qiblah.” However, for those who are far from it and for whom direct alignment with it is not possible, it is sufficient to say they are praying in the direction of the Qiblah.

1. Recommended (nafl) prayers may be performed while walking or riding a vehicle, and in such cases, it is not necessary to face the Qiblah.
2. The precautionary prayer (ṣalāt al-iḥtiyāṭ), missed prostrations (sujūd) or tashahhud must be performed facing the Qiblah. In the case of sajdat al-sahw (prostration of forgetfulness), it is recommended as a precaution to also face the Qiblah.

4.     Determining the Qiblah:

The person praying must have certainty or confidence in the direction of the Qiblah, whether through a correct and reliable Qiblah compass, or by the position of the sun and stars (if they know how to use them), or by other methods. If they cannot gain confidence, they should pray in the direction that they most strongly suspect to be the Qiblah, such as the direction indicated by the mihrab (prayer niche) of a mosque.

1. If No Means of Determination:

One who has no means of determining the direction of the Qiblah and has no inclination toward any direction must, based on obligatory precaution, pray in all four directions. If there is not enough time to perform four prayers, they should repeat the prayer as many times as time allows.

· If someone, despite trying to determine the direction of the Qiblah, makes a mistake, and the deviation is less than the right or left of the Qiblah (approximately within 90 degrees), the prayer is valid. If the error is noticed during the prayer, they must continue the rest of the prayer facing the correct direction, regardless of whether the prayer time is still valid or not.

Standing prayers: Chest and abdomen must face Qiblah; significant deviation invalidates the prayer. As a precaution, toes should also face the Qiblah.

Sitting prayers: Chest and abdomen must face Qiblah and face should not notably deviate.

Unable to sit, must lie on the side so that front faces Qiblah, preferably right side; else on back with soles toward Qiblah

2.     Same as Ayatollah Khamenei’s Fatwa.

3.     Same as Ayatollah Khamenei’s Fatwa.

4.     Determining the Qiblah:

• One must strive to reach certainty (yaqīn) or something equivalent, such as testimony from two reliable individuals.
• If not possible, one may rely on strong supposition—like aligning with a mosque’s mihrab or using information from non-Muslims knowledgeable in the direction.
• If new evidence emerges, the stronger supposition takes precedence

5. If No Means of Determination:

• If one cannot even form a supposition, it is sufficient to pray in any direction believed to be possible, but it is recommended to pray four times, each facing one cardinal direction, while time allows.
• If one’s supposition narrows it to two possible directions, prayer must be performed in both directions.
• When praying back-to-back (e.g., Zuhr and ‘Asr) and faced with uncertain Qiblah directions, it is recommended to make the same efforts of correction for each

• All obligatory prayers must be performed facing the Qiblah.
• The Qiblah is the Kaʿbah—wherever one is, they must face it. For those far away, it suffices to face its general direction—even if precise alignment is not possible.

• It’s not necessary for feet or knees to face the Qiblah exactly during standing or sitting; merely being “facing” is adequate.
• If one cannot sit for prayer:
  • Lie on the right side, with the front (abdomen/chest) toward the Qiblah.
  • If that’s impossible, lie on the left side, still facing the front toward the Qiblah.
  • If even that isn’t possible, lie on the back, ensuring the soles of the feet face the Qiblah.

2. Same as Ayatollah   Khamenei’s Fatwa.

3. Same as Ayatollah Khamenei’s Fatwa.

4. Same as Ayatollah Khamenei’s Fatwa.

• A working Qiblah compass is a reliable and often more accurate tool than other methods.
• You may rely on the homeowner or lodge manager’s knowledge of direction, provided they are conscientious

5. If No Means of Determination:

• If there is no way to find the Qiblah and one is undecided among four directions, praying in one direction is sufficient. Preferably, one should pray four times, once toward each direction. If only two or three directions are suspected, pray toward those.
• When performing sequential prayers (e.g., Zuhr & ‘Asr), it is better to complete the first in all suspected directions before starting the second.